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Chrysopa perla
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| Photo Information |
Copyright: Luciano Gollini (lousat)
![Gold Star Critiquer/Gold Note Writer [C: 1089 W: 6 N: 3022]](http://i1.treknature.com/misc/g-n-g.gif) (11192) |
| Genre: Animals |
| Medium: Color |
| Date Taken: 2008-05-07 |
| Categories: Insects |
| Exposure: f/2.8 |
| More Photo Info: [view] |
| Photo Version: Original Version |
| Theme(s): Blue Things [view contributor(s)] |
| Date Submitted: 2008-05-07 9:09 |
| Viewed: 771 |
| Points: 58 |
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| [Note Guidelines] Photographer's Note |
Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota
Infraclass: Neoptera
Superorder: Endopterygota or Neuropterida
Order: Neuroptera
Suborder: Hemerobiiformia
Superfamily: Osmyloidea
Family: Chrysopidae
Green lacewings are insects in the large family Chrysopidae of the order Neuroptera. There about 85 genera and (differing between sources) 1,300-2,000 species in this widespread group. Members of the genera Chrysopa and Chrysoperla are very common in North America and Europe; they are very similar and many of their species have been moved from one genus to the other times and again, and in the non-scientific literature assignment to Chrysopa and Chrysoperla can rarely be relied upon. Since they are the most familiar neuropterids to many people, they are often simply called "lacewings". But actually most of the diversity of Neuroptera are properly referred to as some sort of "lacewing", so common lacewings is preferable.Green lacewings are delicate insects with a wingspan of 6 to over 65 mm, though the largest forms are tropical. They are characterized by a wide costal field in their wing venation, in which the cross-veins are . The bodies are usually bright green to greenish-brown, and the compound eyes are conspicuously golden in many species. The wings are usually translucent with a slight iridescence; some have green wing veins or a cloudy brownish wing pattern. The vernacular name stinkflies, used chiefly for Chrysopa species but also for others (e.g. Cunctochrysa) refers to their ability to release a vile smell from paired prothoracal glands when handled.
Adults have tympanal organs at the forewings' base, enabling them to hear well. Some Chrysopa show evasive behavior when they hear a bat's ultrasound calls: when in flight, they close their wings (making their echolocational signal smaller) and drop down to the ground. Green lacewings also use substrate or body vibrations as a form of communication between themselves, especially during courtship. Species which are nearly identical morphologically may sometimes be separated more easily based on their mating signals. For example the southern European Chrysoperla mediterranea looks almost identical to its northern relative Chrysoperla carnea, but their courtship "songs" are very different; individuals of one species will not react to the other's vibrations.
Larvae have either a more slender "humpbacked" shape with a prominent bulge on the thorax, or are plumper, with long bristles jutting out from the sides. These will collect debris and food remains - the empty integuments of aphids, most notably - that provide camouflage from birds.
Adults are crepuscular or nocturnal. They feed on pollen, nectar and honeydew supplemented with mites, aphids and other small arthropods, and some, namely Chrysopa, are mainly predatory. Others feed almost exclusively on nectar and similar substances, and have symbiotic yeasts in their digestive tract to help break down the food into nutrients.
Some eggs, probably of a Chrysopa species
Larva of Chrysoperla carnea or perhaps C. mediterranea feeding on an aphidThe eggs are deposited at night, singly or in small groups, and sit atop a slender stalk about 1 cm long; one female produces some 100-200 eggs. Eggs are placed on plants, usually when aphids are present nearby in numbers. Immediately after hatching, the larvae moult, then descend the eggstalk to feed. They are voracious predators, attacking most insects of suitable size, especially soft-bodied ones (aphids, caterpillars and other insect larvae, insect eggs, and at high population densities also each other). Therefore, the larvae are colloquially known as aphidlions, similar to the related antlions. Their senses are weakly developed, except that they are very sensitive to touch. Walking around in a haphazard fashion, the larvae sway their heads from one side to the other, and when they strike a potential prey object, the larva grasps it. Their maxillae are hollow, allowing a digestive secretion to be injected in the prey; the organs of an aphid can for example be dissolved by this in 90 seconds. Depending on environmental conditions, larvae need about 1-3 weeks to pupation which takes place in a cocoon; species from temperate regions usually overwinter as a prepupa, though Chrysoperla carnea overwinters as newly-hatched adults.While depending on species and environmental conditions, some green lacewings will eat only about 150 prey items in their entire life, in other cases 100 aphids will be eaten in a single week. Thus, in several countries, millions of such voracious Chrysopidae are reared for sale as biological control agents of insect and mite pests in agriculture and gardens. They are distributed as eggs, since as noted above they are highly aggressive and cannibalistic in confined quarters; the eggs hatch in the field. Their performance is variable; thus, there is a lot of interest in further research to improve the use of green lacewings as biological pest control.For long, green lacewings were considered close relatives of the pleasing lacewings (Dilaridae) and brown lacewings (Hemerobiidae) and placed in the superfamily Hemerobioidea. But this grouping does not appear to be natural and misled most significantly by the supposed hemerobioideans' plesiomorphic larvae. Today, the Hemerobioidea are usually considered monotypic, containing only the brown lacewings; the green lacewings seem to be very closely related to the osmylids (Osmylidae), which have much more advanced larvae superficially resembling those of the spongillaflies (Sisyridae) with which the spongillaflies were thus formerly allied. Thus, though the superfamily Osmyloidea is often considered monotypic these days too following the spongillaflies' removal from there, it is arguably better to include the osmylids as well as the green lacewings there.
I Crisopidi o Crisope (Chrysopidae SCHNEIDER, 1851) sono una famiglia di Insetti dell'ordine dei Neurotteri, comprendente specie predatrici, alcune di grande interesse nel campo della lotta biologica. Sono gli insetti più rappresentativi, per l'importanza e per la morfologia, dei Neurotteri propriamente detti.L'adulto dei Crisopidi ha un corpo esile e delicato, di medie dimensioni, con livrea di tonalità variabile dal giallo al verde, facilmente riconoscibile. Il capo è ipognato, con antenne lunghe e filiformi, apparato boccale masticatore tipo, occhi piccoli ma prominenti e vistosi, spesso con riflessi metallici. Le ali sono ben sviluppate, trasparenti, con riflessi idirescenti, ripiegate a tetto in fase di riposo, percorse da una venulazione fittamente ramificata anche presso il margine.
Le larve sono terrestri, campodeiformi, provviste di zampe cursorie, con il corpo generalmente depresso in senso dorso ventrale e più o meno slargato posteriormente, nella regione addominale. Come in tutti i Planipennia hanno l'apertura boccale chiusa e si nutrono per mezzo di un apparato boccale pungente-succhiante conformato a forcipe. Questa funzionalità è dovuta al fatto che, in entrambi i lati la mandibola, e la lacinia mascellare sono allungate e ricurve verso il lato ventrale e conformate in modo che appressandosi delimitano un canale di suzione attraverso il quale viene aspirato l'alimento. L'apparato boccale a forcipe è sfruttato per bloccare la preda e contemporaneamente iniettarvi la saliva e aspirarne i liquidi interni.
Il dorso è spesso percorso da rilievi dell'esoscheletro più o meno sviluppati e in alcune specie la larva si mimetizza rivestendosi con frammenti delle spoglie delle loro vittime.
Le pupe si sviluppano entro un bozzolo di seta secreto dai tubi malpighiani delle larve. A maturità abbandonano il bozzolo, prima della muta.Gli adulti dei Crisopidi hanno regimi dietetici differenti secondo la specie. In generale possono essere distinti in tre gruppi: in alcune specie sono predatrici, con regime dietetico entomofago, altre sono fitofaghe (ma di nessuna importanza in fatto di dannosità) oppure si nutrono di liquidi zuccherini o polline, altre non si nutrono affatto. Hanno abitudini notturne e sono discreti volatori, in grado di percorrere anche un centinaio di chilometri; tuttavia il volo è irregolare e intervallato da pause sulla vegetazione. Sono facilmente attratti dalle fonti luminose.
Le larve sono predatrici fondamentalmente polifaghe, anche se manifestano specifiche preferenze. In generale sono attaccati Acari, uova, Afidi o altri Rincoti, larve di microlepidotteri. Sono piuttosto mobili, molto attive e voraci e, in condizioni di carenza di vittime, facilmente dedite al cannibalismo. Cacciano prevalentemente nelle ore notturne, mentre di giorno in genere riposano protette in nascondigli.L'elemento più caratteristico dei Crisopidi è la particolare forma dell'ovatura: le uova sono infatti portate da sottilissimi filamenti, prodotti da secrezioni ghiandolari dell'apparato genitale della femmina. Anche se di piccole dimensioni, si possono individuare facilmente sulle foglie, spesso in prossimità di colonie di Afidi.
Le uova così deposte possono essere isolate oppure in piccoli gruppi. |
Silvio2006, rousettus, maurydv, gracious, matatur, nglen, robgra, gerbilratz, goldyrs, eqshannon, CeltickRanger, jusninasirun, haraprasan, gannu, jrobertop, degani has marked this note useful
Only registered TrekNature members may rate photo notes. |
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Eh Luciano, le farfalle non le becchi, ti manca il fascino, ma questa Chrysopa è fantastica, appena un po' bruciata sul corpo ma i dettagli delle ali sono impressionanti, bravissimo, ciao Silvio
PS prova a cambiare marca di dopobarba, sai mai...
Hello Luciano,
Another rare group insect from Neuroptera on TN. I think this species common, we can see it here too. Your macro very nice with sharp details, POV, composition and colors. Thanks for sharing, best wishes
Ahmet
- uleko
![Gold Star Critiquer/Gold Star Workshop Editor/Gold Note Writer [C: 2544 W: 170 N: 7738]](http://i1.treknature.com/misc/g-g-g.gif)
(24487) - [2008-05-07 10:04]
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Hello Luciano,
This is a lovely composition showing the Lacewing in a fine pose displaying its beautiful wings. I like the sharp details and the background fits very nicely indeed.
Many thanks, Ulla
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- Art_R
![Gold Star Critiquer/Silver Workshop Editor/Gold Note Writer [C: 200 W: 16 N: 483]](http://i1.treknature.com/misc/g-s-g.gif)
(1995) - [2008-05-07 10:11]
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Hi luciano , very nice photo of the lacewing , great color composition and detail. TFS
regards
Art
Molto bella dal punto di vista compositivo con gli esili fili d'erba arcuati e la trasparenza e l'architettura delle ali, molto buona la nitidezza, bellissimo questo sfondo verde luminoso. Grazie e complimenti. Ciao Maurizio
Excelente encuadre y colores Luciano, con unas alas muy bien captadas. Algo de ruido electrónico y subidos los blancos en el tórax; últimamente observo ese problema en tus tomas. Un bello conjunto aún así.
Saludos: J. Ignasi.
Ciao Luciano,
The colour of this Green Lacewing truly unique and beautiful!
very fine and beautiful macro indeed with good closeness, sharpness, colour and details in the shot
many thanks for the sharing
ciao
Tony
Merhaba Dostum Luciano,
Thank you for sharing this superlative capture of a lacewing with us my friend, a fine image indeed from every photographical point of view, the related notes also very comprehensive.
Kindest regards,
Mehmet
Luciano
I have never seen anything quite like this before, it looks so dainty. Your notes are exceptional as well. Many thanks
Jai
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- nglen
(22262)
- [2008-05-07 12:07]
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Hi Luciano. A good close up of the Insect, with the clear wings. good detail and colours. a nice POv/DOF. well done TFS.
Nick..
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- robgra
![Silver Star Critiquer/Silver Note Writer [C: 27 W: 0 N: 23]](http://i1.treknature.com/misc/s-n-s.gif)
(342) - [2008-05-07 12:14]
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Hi Luciano.
The beauty the exposition and the sharpness, very expressive building of gentle wings, super.
I greet Robert.
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- mariki
(8991)
- [2008-05-07 12:46]
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Bonsoir Luciano,
Très belle capture de cette chrysope. Superbes netteté et couleurs, les nervures des ailes apparaissent presque bleuté. La composition est très bonne également.
Bonne soirée,
Mariki
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- Amadeo
![Gold Star Critiquer [C: 211 W: 0 N: 755]](http://i1.treknature.com/misc/g-n-n.gif)
(3323) - [2008-05-07 12:54]
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Hola Luciano, buen macro, buena nitidez y color. Un saludo
La texture della ali è sorprendente. Sembrano di cristallo. Macro molto molto bella.
Roberto
Hello Luciano, excellent image of the lacewing. You have got great details and colouration to this. A very good composition. regards h
L'immagine di insetto così meraviglioso. blu a me è.. o è a me blu. Aggiungere questo al tema che ho fatto! Bob
hello Luciano
lovely shot of this insect with excellent focus, fine POV, DOF
and framing, great contrast between the background's
and the insect's colour tones, TFS
Asbed
Hello Luciano. Very nice clear image in excellent perch. I like the clarity of the wings against the well muted background. Thanks for sharing and best regards. Jusni
Ciao Luciano
La scorrevolezza e la fragilità sono bene espresse.
Bravo il mio amico e grazie
Laurent
Hi Luciano,
A nice capture of this lacewing. Excellent composition and sharp details. Thanks a lot for sharing.
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- gannu
(11777)
- [2008-05-08 2:16]
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Hello Luciano, It was a very very long note and worth it. Excellent clarity and superb sharpness picture. I like the transparent wings and the black round eyes. Ganesh
A lovely shot of this insect which is very rare to someone like me.
Very well seen and captured, Lucino!
Goldy
Ciao dear friend Luciano.
Great macro that wonderful insect!
Marvellous composition; excellent perspective.
Very good chromatism and details.
Well done!
Regards,
José Roberto
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- EOSF1
(22829)
- [2008-05-08 7:24]
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Bonjour Luciano, content de revoir tes photos! Cette superbe macro est vraiment nette et bien exposée! Bravo et merci!
Mario
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- joey
(21484)
- [2008-05-08 7:25]
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Excellent macro of this Lacewing!
What fine detail in the wings and body.
Brilliant DOF and pin-point focusing.
Sharp and crisp.
I like the POV too.
Well done!!!
Joe
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- Mana
(16888)
- [2008-05-08 14:49]
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Hi Luciano,
Outstanding shot of this Lacewing with immaculate sharpness and nice colours. Superb lighting and exposure and I like the intricate details on its wings. Nice pose captured among the green foliage. Excellent POV and composition. Kudos.
TFS.
Sumon
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- degani
(2174)
- [2008-05-09 12:45]
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la nitidezza di questa fotografia è spettacolare come del resto i colori, una gran bella immagine, bravo Luciano
ciao
franco
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- izler
(8436)
- [2008-05-10 7:29]
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hello Luciano
interesting insect and well close-up capture for me
i like colours, BG and details and pattern of wings
TFS
regards
izler
bellissime trasparenze che solo Lalique ha saputo riprodutrre degnamente in oggetti d'arte e gioielli
dettagli magnifici (bella bestia la nuova macchina....)
