| Actual Image
Papilio machaon (62)
lousat
![Gold Star Critiquer/Gold Note Writer [C: 1081 W: 6 N: 2996]](http://i1.treknature.com/misc/g-n-g.gif) (11102) | Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Superfamily: Papilionoidea
Family: Papilionidae
Subfamily: Papilioninae
Tribe: Papilionini
Genus: Papilio
Species: P. machaon
The Old World Swallowtail (Papilio machaon), is a butterfly of the family Papilionidae. The butterfly is also known as the Common Yellow Swallowtail or, simply, The Swallowtail (a common name applied to all members of the family). It is the type species of the genus Papilio and occurs throughout the Palearctic region in Europe and Asia; it also occurs across North America, and thus is not restricted to the Old World, despite the common name.This striking butterfly is yellow with black wing and vein markings and a wingspan of 8 to 10 cm. The hind wings of both sexes have a pair of protruding tails which give the butterfly its common name. Just below each tail is a red eye spot.This butterfly is present throughout the entire Palearctic region through Russia to China and Japan (including the Himalayas and Taiwan) and across into Alaska, Canada, and the United States. In Asia it is reported as far south as Saudi Arabia, Oman and the high mountains of Yemen.
In Southern Asia it occurs in Pakistan and Kashmir, Northern India (Sikkim, to Assam and Arunachal Pradesh) Nepal, Bhutan and northern Myanmar.
This butterfly is widespread in Europe but in the United Kingdom it is limited to a few areas in the Norfolk Broads of East Anglia. It is the UK's largest resident butterfly. The Monarch Danaus plexippus is slightly larger but is only a rare vagrant.There are 37 subspecies.
Papilio machaon gorganus is strongly migratory in Europe and can be found in almost all habitats.
In the UK, P. m. brittanicus is an endemic subspecies, but occasionally individuals of the continental subspecies gorganus breed temporarily on the south coast. Subspecies brittanicus differs from the continental subspecies in being more heavily marked in black.
The Maltese Islands are home to another endemic subspecies, P. m. melitensis. There are usually two to three broods in a year, but in northern areas the species may be single-brooded. In some places like the UK some will pupate and emerge in the same year and others will overwinter as pupae before emerging the following year, a situation known as being partially double brooded.The caterpillar spends the first part of its life with the appearance of a bird dropping, an effective defence against predators. As the caterpillar grows larger it becomes green with black and orange markings. The caterpillar still has a defence against predators in the form of an organ called an osmeterium which consists of retractable, fleshy projections behind its head that can release a foul smell.
Il Macaone (Papilio machaon Linnaeus, 1758) è una farfalla della famiglia delle Papilionidae, famiglia prevalentemente tropicale, di cui solo 9 specie presenti in Italia.
Con i suoi quasi 8 centimetri di apertura alare massima, non è difficile incontrarla e notarla soprattutto nelle campagne o in collina dall'inizio della primavera (periodo in cui le crisalidi sfarfallano), fino ad autunno inoltrato.
I bruchi, verdi con anelli neri punteggiati di giallo, si nutrono di Apiaceae, come ad esempio il finocchio e la carota. Se disturbati, estroflettono da dietro la testa un paio di ghiandole a forma di corno (osmaterium), che emettono un odore repellente che tiene lontani i predatori.
Elegante ed agile nel volo, il maschio è anche difensore del proprio territorio; se vi capitasse di vederne due che volteggiano vicini in audaci acrobazie, probabilmente uno sta cercando di cacciare l'altro.
Anche il Macaone presenta il tipico comportamento da Butterfly Hilltopping, ovvero cerca di volare sopra il punto più alto del terreno in cui si trova (dominio). |
|
